A new primer provides a comprehensive overview of the public pensions investment process, which has garnered increased attention in the wake of economic shocks that recently have impacted all investors. Webinar on January 23rd at 1 PM to review findings.
This issue brief focuses on how public pensions allocate assets and set expected rates of return including:
Distribution of investments across stocks, bonds, and other asset classes in order to maximize returns and minimize risk.
Principles that guide how public pension funds invest and the institutionalized practices through which plan trustees set investment policies.
Evaluation and management of investment related risk.
Investment return assumptions among public pension funds in comparison to historical performance and the future outlook.
How Do Public Pensions Invest? A Primer is co-authored by Ronnie Jung, CPA, who previously served as executive director of the Teacher Retirement System of Texas; and Nari Rhee, PhD, NIRS manager of research. The issue brief is published by the National Institute on Retirement Security.
The primer offers four key highlights:
Public pension funds have a clear division of labor for making investment-related decisions. Fiduciary standards apply to each key role in the investment process.
Public pension funds have rational and systematic processes for setting asset allocation in a diversified portfolio, estimating expected investment returns, and evaluating investment performance.
The board of trustees of each public DB pension fund determines the acceptable level of risk that is prudent for their plan given its particular circumstances. They then adopt an asset allocation that is designed to maximize returns within the established level of risk.
The level of risk assumed by public pension funds, as indicated by the percentage of assets invested in equities, is consistent with other institutional investors and with many prudent individual investors.
Evolution and Growth: How Public Pension Plans Have Diversified Their Investments Amid Changing Markets
A report from the National Institute on Retirement Security (NIRS) and Aon examines the changes public pension plan investing has undergone throughout the twenty-first century.
Pensionomics 2025: Measuring the Economic Impact of Defined Benefit Pension Expenditures
Pensionomics 2025: Measuring the Economic Impact of Defined Benefit Pension Expenditures finds pending powered by U.S. private and public sector defined benefit pensions contributed significantly to the economy. In 2022, retiree spending of public and private sector pension benefits generated $1.5 trillion in total economic output, supporting 7.1 million jobs across the nation.
In partnership with AARP and NRTA, NIRS has developed a series of state-by-state infographic fact sheets regarding the public employee and teacher retirement systems across the country.
These fact sheets present a snapshot of these retirement systems along with key data from NIRS research and other sources.
